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Reinhard, William OMDE 601 9041

Learning about Wiki Spaces 02/01/2011 I researched everyone of the sites, PBWorks, WetPaint, WikiSpaces, after great deliberation I chose WikiSpaces. My reason for choosing WikiSpaces was that it was user friendly I hope. I set up my home page, it was pretty clear and other links on the page were easy to find. I went through the tutorial on the site and found it some what helpful. But I will say trying to remember all the things this site offers will be confusing to me it I learn how. When I looked at other wiki sites they were confusing to me and unclear on how to operate and site up. I am still trying to learn about it, and how to use it. I still have not had the ah ha moment. Hopefully it will come to me.

**Institution Profile: The United Kingdom of South Africa** The United Kingdom of South Africa and the island Mauritian students have taken various courses and programs for the past fifty years. The Mauritian of the Air are a second-generation distance education institution, which used print and audiovisual media. Lord Young of Darlington was the founder of MCA. He started offering services, advices and information on distance education. He made educational facilities more available to more students. He also founded the International Extension College, Cambridge, United Kingdom. //“The Island of Maurition had educational needs, which included scientific, technical, vocational, and agricultural education. The country was already setup with technically with a audio-visual center, for the primary schools with radio broadcast and afternoon educational television for the secondary schools” (Dhurbarrylall & Dodds, 1996).// In October of 1972 The MCA and the University of Mauritian started with a one-week correspondence course. Students autonomously learned by doing a weekly assignment, then the instructors would meet face to face with them. = = = = =Describing the three categories by Michael Moore in his theory of transaction Distance.=

0 row selected - rows selected - clear || William Reinhard
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ODME 601

Section 9040

Describing the three categories by Michael Moore in his theory of transaction Distance.

Introduction Transactional distance theory is also about independent learning and learning autonomy. Transactional Distance theory is a form of industrialized learning. This research paper is about three elements used by Michael Moore in the development of transactional distance theory. The three elements are dialogue and structure, and Learner autonomy. “Transactional Distance is the gap of understanding the communication between the teachers and learners caused by graphic distance that must be bridged through distinctive procedures in instructional design (Moore 1993).”

Dialogue Dialogue characterized the interactions between instructors and students. The student will have a relationship with the learning material by understanding the dialogue. “In Moore’s Original proposal transactional distance decreases when dialogue increases and structure decreases, and when structure increases transactional distance also increases, but dialogue decreases (Saba and Shear, 1994).” When dialogue higher, transactional distance lower. Dialogue is important to learners in the way they are able to connect to his or her way of thinking. If a course is on-line, if a course is on-line, each student will have two-way process with his or her dialogue from the instructors’ dialogue. In the case of corresponding by mail, the dialogue will be slow, if the dialogue is electronic the dialogue it is considered fast.

Course Structure

Course structure consists of learning objectives, presentations, case studies, and illustrations. During the structure of a course, dialogue is determined by the way learners understand the nature of the material. The way structure and dialogue are measured is through transactional distance learning. A course has a small amount of transactional distance; students will need less direction and guidance from their instructors, by using learning material. The further apart the instructors and students outcomes are the greater the transactional distance. “At one extreme, transactional distance would be greatest when the institution or the individual teacher had no interaction at all with students, and the learning materials are entirely pre-planned and structured to the last detail (Jung 2001).”Transactional distance allows for modifications that will ensure the courses with dialogue are there. What also means the more students are involved the less the course is at a distant.

Learner Autonomy

Learner autonomy is the extent to which learners make” decisions regarding their own learning” and “construct their own knowledge based on their own experience (Moore and Kearsley, 1996).” Another important part of learner autonomy is to test the way the learners interact with the instructor’s objectives. If the transactional distance is higher between instructor and the student, the lower the outcomes. Autonomous learners construct their own learning environment.

Conclusion Dialogue and transactional distance have symmetry, as the one gets higher the other is lower. Structure is lower, because it makes transactional distance higher. Learner autonomy and transactional distance are in balance, structure is greater, and the dialogue is lower. As today’s students and tomorrow students learn to process or interact with technology for the purpose of learning. Michael Moore’s transactional distance theory will become more important, towards distance learning and teaching.

References

Moore, M.G. (1993). Theory of transactional distance. In D. Keegan (Ed.). Theoretical principles of distance education. London: Routledge. Moore, M., & Kearsley, G. (1996). Distance Education A systems view. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Jung, I. (2001). Building a theoretical framework of web-based instruction in the context of distance education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 32(5), 525. Academic Search Complete database. Saba, F. & Shearer, R. (1994) Verifying key theoretical concepts in a dynamic model of distance education. American Journal of Distance Education 9 (3) 36–59. || = = = = =Module 2=

0 row selected - rows selected - [|clear] || Review the statements that Otto has listed. Consider which statements apply and how they apply. The Otto Peters book is hard to understand, but out of all the readings Moore book and writings explains the information better for me. I am sure has the course goes on, and I reread Dr. Peters I will understand it better. Go back to your original definition of DE (which should be stored in your wiki). What aspects of module 2---for example, readings and interactions with Otto---reinforced and/or changed your understanding of DE? Make an attempt at rewriting your definition, and explain how and why you would change it. I would talk about Otto and the division of labor has made difference in DE. · Review the objectives from Module 2: o Analyze the pedagogic structure of DE in light of distinct models of DE o Learn about DE in terms of distinct pedagogical categories o Explain pedagogical advantages and disadvantages inherent to DE o Explain the deep-rooted changes of the pedagogical structure of DE caused by increasing digitization o Distinguish different theoretical approaches worldwide and relate them to cultural differences Were these objectives achieved? Show your accomplishment of an objective by choosing one and describing how it has been achieved. For example, write a brief paragraph about the pedagogical advantages and disadvantages of DE and include it in your wiki. What are the pedagogical advantages and disadvantages of distance education? ADVANTAGES OF DISTANCE LEARNING Convenience One can take courses in the comfort of one's home or office. Flexibility Students often do not want to or cannot go to school full-time. Take courses when you want to, and set your own pace. Availability The number of courses and range of student support services have exploded with the use of the Internet. Time Savings No time is wasted commuting to classes or to the library. No Interruption of the Job or Career Working students do not have to relocate, reschedule their jobs, or take leaves of absence to go to school. Rich Diversity Classes are made up of a wide diversity of generally older, highly motivated students from many walks of life in many parts of the world. DISADVANTAGES OF DISTANCE LEARNING Commitment There will be periods when demands on time from employers, family, and friends make it difficult to find time to study. Time Management The student cannot procrastinate. Work, family, and social commitments must be constantly time managed. Information Management Students must be able to actively manage their course information. Online learners receive a lot of information at once. No Instructor Coaching. If your learning style is one where you like personalized attention from your teachers, this will be more difficult. Independence and Isolation Students should be prepared to work alone with limited access to lecturers, tutors, and fellow students. You often are expected to find your own resources for completing Technology Savvy Students must be comfortable with constant change and using technologies because most online courses use technology for teaching and communication. Acceptability Although perceptions are changing, there is still a stigma attached to distance-delivered degrees.
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· If module objectives were not achieved, where and how did you find them lacking? They were very helpful, the glossary is helpful in the back of Moore’s Book. · Think of a real-world situation where you could apply what you’ve learned in this module. Describe this situation in your journal.

Learner autonomy is what I find very helpful in a real world. When you are given a task in your job, or you are giving one. || = = = = = = =Module 1 Questions for Reflection (Learning Journal wiki)=

0 row selected - rows selected - [|clear] || · How would you convey to your co-workers what you learned in this module? How might you apply what you’ve learned in this module to a “real life” DE environment? I have not had “real life” occasions. But I have had to explain what DE is. · What was your most important “aha” experience in this module? How long the program has been around, and the understanding of transactional distance theory. · Go back and review the objectives for this module. Do you feel that module goals and objectives have been met? How and it what why? If not, which objectives have not been fully achieved? The Otto Peters book is hard to understand, but out of all the readings Moore book and writings explains the information better for me. · How has the assignment and the instructors’ feedback helped you in your learning and in reaching the objectives? The writing coach, instructors were very helpful and understanding with my challenges. || = = =Otto's Welcoming Address=
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0 row selected - rows selected - [|clear] || Welcome Dr. Peters
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Thank you for coming to our classroom. I enjoyed your speech, and found it very knowledgeable.

You spoke about how the learners’ autonomy will self-determination on how the student will learn. I am a student with learning challenges and being autonomous from the instructor is very challenging.

My question is what distance education can do for the learners’ with learning disabilities.

Another question I have is about concerns video: Has an instructor at a community college we have to have office hours once a week.

Do you thing web conferencing would help with the student and teacher relationship, and help them understand the course material better. || = = = = =Constitutive Concepts of Distance Education=

0 row selected - rows selected - [|clear] || Hello Everyone
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This chapter had some good material from Dr. Peters. I am agreement also Ms. Stack that dialogue, structure and autonomy has integral part in the pedagogy of distance education. Distance education can get better by being a model for all forms of learning.

Regards Billy || = = = = =Defining and understanding distance education=

0 row selected - rows selected - [|clear] || Hello Everyone... During the past few years there has been an explosion over the Internet, Many students are now taking courses offered by universities, community colleges through Web-bas learning. There was an initial fear of the instructors because e-learning would be their demise. As a matter of fact instructor are needed the course is face-to-face or on the web. There is till a number of courses that sill need to be taught in the traditional classroom. On the other hand, Web- or computer-based courses can be beneficial. Web-base and computer courses can be difficult to design and develop. When web courses first started they were called electronic page turners-essentially text on a screen. Web-based course or computer based courses need to be interactive, this became very challenging for instructors to design and develop. One hour of instruction for a computer call could take up to 200 hours to develop. This vast amount of time instructors did not have the time. There is a number of specialize companies that develop computer base courses. Unless an instructor has the experience in developing and design computer-based courses, making sure the course is done right, look at the cost of developing computer based courses. Web-base courses demand more time on the instructor then a traditional course. In a traditional base course taught in a classroom the students meet at a schedule time, versus a web-based course where students are able to access the course at anytime. Additionally, students expect an instant response their instructors about their assignments and questions. To me Blending courses are the way to go because the instructor can use web-base learning. Blending learning is taught in a traditional manner, but includes assignments, activities, and resources on the web. || = = = = =initial definition of DE=
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0 row selected - rows selected - [|clear] || Distance education comprises all forms of learning, and teaching by using electronically supported systems. This includes information and communication systems, ether by networking or other media learning to implement the learning process. || = = = = = = =Learning about Wiki=
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0 row selected - rows selected - [|clear] || I researched everyone of the sites, PBWorks, WetPaint, WikiSpaces, after great deliberation I chose WikiSpaces. My reason for choosing WikiSpaces was that it was user friendly I hope. I set up my home page, it was pretty clear and other links on the page were easy to find. I went through the tutorial on the site and found it some what helpful. But I will say trying to remember all the things this site offers will be confusing to me it I learn how. When I looked at other wiki sites they were confusing to me and unclear on how to operate and site up. I am still trying to learn about it, and how to use it. I still have not had the ah ha moment. Hopefully it will come to me. ||
 * ~ 1 - 1 of 1
 * [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/user_none_lg.jpg width="48" height="48" caption="wreinhard" link="http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/wreinhard"]] || [|wreinhard]

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